Much of my work elaborates the notion of co-production: the simultaneous processes through which modern societies form their epistemic and normative understandings of the world. This framework, most systematically laid out in States of Knowledge, shows how scientific ideas and beliefs, and (often) associated technological artifacts, evolve together with the representations, identities, discourses, and institutions that give practical effect and meaning to ideas and objects. My book on biotechnology regulation, Designs on Nature, can be read as an extended case study of co-production, with an empirical focus on the life sciences and technologies; see also my work on global governance. Key papers include: